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[title] => Každý štvrtý až piaty Slovák hlási časté prejavy úzkosti a iné psychické ťažkosti
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Ukázal to prieskum Ligy za duševné zdravie, na ktorom spolupracovala doc. MUDr. Alexandra Bražinová, PhD., MPH, prednostka Ústavu epidemiológie Lekárskej fakulty UK, a doc. MUDr. Ľubomíra Izáková, PhD., prezidentka Slovenskej psychiatrickej spoločnosti.
Prieskum
Na prieskume sa zúčastnilo 1 500 respondentov vo veku 15 rokov a viac. Až 20 % opýtaných uviedlo, že za posledné dva týždne pociťujú prejavy strednej až vysokej miery úzkosti. Posledné dva týždne sú v epidemiológii duševného zdravia miera aktuálneho výskytu príznakov psychického distressu.
„Dvadsať percent je viac v porovnaní s populačným výskytom strednej až závažnej úzkostnej poruchy. Prezentovaná stredná až závažná miera úzkosti, ktorá zaťažuje človeka v bežnom živote, je vyššia ako v dlhodobo sledovaných populačných prieskumoch v iných krajinách,“ upozornila doc. Bražinová.
Signifikantne vyšší bol podiel žien, ľudí so základným vzdelaním a mladých ľudí. Tieto populačné skupiny pociťujú väčšiu mieru úzkosti aj depresívne príznaky. Respondenti uvádzali, že pri psychických problémoch by vyhľadali psychológa, hneď na druhom mieste uviedli všeobecného lekára. Mladí ľudia preferovali psychológa, starší svojho všeobecného lekára.
„Naše zistenie poukazuje na nízke povedomie Slovákov o duševnom zdraví, prejavoch duševných porúch a dostupnosti služieb starostlivosti o duševné zdravie. Pre nás z prieskumu vyplýva potreba vzdelávania verejnosti v oblasti duševného zdravia,“ zhrnula doc. Bražinová.
Úloha lekárnikov
Ako zdôraznila doc. Izáková, odborníci v oblasti duševného zdravia sú dostupní bezbariérovo, bez potreby žiadanky. Týka sa to psychológov, psychiatrov, psychoterapeutov, všeobecných lekárov aj lekárnikov. Podľa doc. Izákovej je dôležitá edukácia lekárnikov a následná edukácia pacientov. „Na trhu máme množstvo voľnopredajných liekov a výživových doplnkov, ktoré ovplyvňujú náladu alebo majú v portfóliu účinkov vplyv na náladu a spánok. Môžu to byť aj lieky, ktoré oddialia nástup potrebnej liečby. Preto by v lekárni mali vedieť položiť základné otázky a nasmerovať človeka, kedy je vhodné ísť za odborníkom na duševné zdravie a informovať ho, kto by tým odborníkom mal byť,“ vysvetľuje doc. Izáková.
Starší ľudia v prieskume uvádzali, že ako prvého by pri problémoch vyhľadali svojho všeobecného lekára. „Psychické ťažkosti niekedy nadväzujú na tie fyzické, a všeobecný lekár by to mal riešiť komplexne. Všeobecní lekári majú k dispozícii veľké portfólio základných antidepresív, ktoré pri miernejších stavoch môžu začať liečbu,“ dodáva doc. Izáková.
V sieti služieb pre duševné zdravie popri telefonických a internetových linkách pomoci, psychologických a psychiatrických ambulanciách, oddeleniach, nemocniciach a liečebňach na Slovensku chýbajú centrá krízovej intervencie dostupné 24 hodín 7 dní v týždni. Nonstop dostupné sú linky pomoci a nepretržitá psychiatrická pohotovostná služba.
Pretrváva stigmatizácia
Dôvodom, prečo Slováci nehľadajú pomoc u odborníkov, je hanba, pocit stigmy, nedostatok informácií. „Ľudia nevedia, či príznaky sú už také závažné, že ich treba riešiť a či neprejdú, keď počkajú. Ak ťažkosti sťažujú život človeka vo všetkých sférach, je čas vyhľadať pomoc,“ radí doc. Izáková.
Psychická porucha vedie k strate funkčnosti v živote, hrozí nevýkonnosť v práci.
Pacienti, ktorí trpia psychickými poruchami, nespolupracujú dostatočne pri liečbe telesných ochorení. Najzávažnejším dôsledkom neliečených duševných porúch je samovražedné konanie.
Dostupnosť psychiatrickej starostlivosti poznačila pandémia. „Manažment psychiatrických pacientov počas pandémie bol náročný, stretávali sme sa s pacientmi, ktorí súčasne trpeli aj covidom. Boli to nové situácie. Po uvoľnení lockdownu je obrovský nápor v psychiatrických ambulanciách. Dominujú úzkostné poruchy, máme aj veľa hospitalizovaných pacientov,“ zhodnotila situáciu prezidentka odbornej spoločnosti.
Pandémiou utrpela najmä liečba pacientov s demenciou. Obmedzenie aktivít a sociálnych kontaktov ovplyvnilo kognitívne poškodenie, demencie sa rozvíjali rýchlejšie a stav pacientov sa zhoršil.
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Ukázal to prieskum Ligy za duševné zdravie, na ktorom spolupracovala doc. MUDr. Alexandra Bražinová, PhD., MPH, prednostka Ústavu epidemiológie Lekárskej fakulty UK, a doc. MUDr. Ľubomíra Izáková, PhD., prezidentka Slovenskej psychiatrickej spoločnosti.
Prieskum
Na prieskume sa zúčastnilo 1 500 respondentov vo veku 15 rokov a viac. Až 20 % opýtaných uviedlo, že za posledné dva týždne pociťujú prejavy strednej až vysokej miery úzkosti. Posledné dva týždne sú v epidemiológii duševného zdravia miera aktuálneho výskytu príznakov psychického distressu.
„Dvadsať percent je viac v porovnaní s populačným výskytom strednej až závažnej úzkostnej poruchy. Prezentovaná stredná až závažná miera úzkosti, ktorá zaťažuje človeka v bežnom živote, je vyššia ako v dlhodobo sledovaných populačných prieskumoch v iných krajinách,“ upozornila doc. Bražinová.
Signifikantne vyšší bol podiel žien, ľudí so základným vzdelaním a mladých ľudí. Tieto populačné skupiny pociťujú väčšiu mieru úzkosti aj depresívne príznaky. Respondenti uvádzali, že pri psychických problémoch by vyhľadali psychológa, hneď na druhom mieste uviedli všeobecného lekára. Mladí ľudia preferovali psychológa, starší svojho všeobecného lekára.
„Naše zistenie poukazuje na nízke povedomie Slovákov o duševnom zdraví, prejavoch duševných porúch a dostupnosti služieb starostlivosti o duševné zdravie. Pre nás z prieskumu vyplýva potreba vzdelávania verejnosti v oblasti duševného zdravia,“ zhrnula doc. Bražinová.
Úloha lekárnikov
Ako zdôraznila doc. Izáková, odborníci v oblasti duševného zdravia sú dostupní bezbariérovo, bez potreby žiadanky. Týka sa to psychológov, psychiatrov, psychoterapeutov, všeobecných lekárov aj lekárnikov. Podľa doc. Izákovej je dôležitá edukácia lekárnikov a následná edukácia pacientov. „Na trhu máme množstvo voľnopredajných liekov a výživových doplnkov, ktoré ovplyvňujú náladu alebo majú v portfóliu účinkov vplyv na náladu a spánok. Môžu to byť aj lieky, ktoré oddialia nástup potrebnej liečby. Preto by v lekárni mali vedieť položiť základné otázky a nasmerovať človeka, kedy je vhodné ísť za odborníkom na duševné zdravie a informovať ho, kto by tým odborníkom mal byť,“ vysvetľuje doc. Izáková.
Starší ľudia v prieskume uvádzali, že ako prvého by pri problémoch vyhľadali svojho všeobecného lekára. „Psychické ťažkosti niekedy nadväzujú na tie fyzické, a všeobecný lekár by to mal riešiť komplexne. Všeobecní lekári majú k dispozícii veľké portfólio základných antidepresív, ktoré pri miernejších stavoch môžu začať liečbu,“ dodáva doc. Izáková.
V sieti služieb pre duševné zdravie popri telefonických a internetových linkách pomoci, psychologických a psychiatrických ambulanciách, oddeleniach, nemocniciach a liečebňach na Slovensku chýbajú centrá krízovej intervencie dostupné 24 hodín 7 dní v týždni. Nonstop dostupné sú linky pomoci a nepretržitá psychiatrická pohotovostná služba.
Pretrváva stigmatizácia
Dôvodom, prečo Slováci nehľadajú pomoc u odborníkov, je hanba, pocit stigmy, nedostatok informácií. „Ľudia nevedia, či príznaky sú už také závažné, že ich treba riešiť a či neprejdú, keď počkajú. Ak ťažkosti sťažujú život človeka vo všetkých sférach, je čas vyhľadať pomoc,“ radí doc. Izáková.
Psychická porucha vedie k strate funkčnosti v živote, hrozí nevýkonnosť v práci.
Pacienti, ktorí trpia psychickými poruchami, nespolupracujú dostatočne pri liečbe telesných ochorení. Najzávažnejším dôsledkom neliečených duševných porúch je samovražedné konanie.
Dostupnosť psychiatrickej starostlivosti poznačila pandémia. „Manažment psychiatrických pacientov počas pandémie bol náročný, stretávali sme sa s pacientmi, ktorí súčasne trpeli aj covidom. Boli to nové situácie. Po uvoľnení lockdownu je obrovský nápor v psychiatrických ambulanciách. Dominujú úzkostné poruchy, máme aj veľa hospitalizovaných pacientov,“ zhodnotila situáciu prezidentka odbornej spoločnosti.
Pandémiou utrpela najmä liečba pacientov s demenciou. Obmedzenie aktivít a sociálnych kontaktov ovplyvnilo kognitívne poškodenie, demencie sa rozvíjali rýchlejšie a stav pacientov sa zhoršil.
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12. október 2024 14:40
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